Species:

Darevskia rudis  (BEDRIAGA, 1886)

Subspecies (8):

Darevskia rudis rudis  (BEDRIAGA, 1886)

Darevskia rudis bischoffi  (BÖHME & BUDAK, 1977)

Darevskia rudis bolkardaghica  ARRIBAS et al., 2013

Darevskia rudis chechenica  (EISELT & DAREVSKY, 1991)

Darevskia rudis macromaculata  (DAREVSKY, 1967)

Darevskia rudis mirabilis  ARRIBAS, ILGAZ, KUMLUTAŞ, DURMUŞ, AVCI & ÜZÜM, 2013

Darevskia rudis obscura  (LANTZ & CYRÉN, 1936)

Darevskia rudis svanetica  (DAREVSKY & EISELT, 1980)

Synonyms:

Podarcis depressa  CAMERANO, 1878

Lacerta depressa var. rudis  BEDRIAGA, 1886

Lacerta depressa  WERNER, 1904

Lacerta saxicola rudis  MEHELY, 1909

Lacerta muralis var. rudis  BOULENGER, 1920

Lacerta rudis  ENGELMANN et al, 1993

Darevskia rudis  ARRIBAS, 1997

Common names:

Spiny-Tailed Lizard (English)
Grusinische Eidechse (German)
Kielschwanz-Felseidechse (German)
Грузинская ящерица (Russian)

Types:

rudis: Lectotype: MRSN (= MSNTO = MZUT) 2737:1 (Museo ed Istituto di Zoologia Sistematica, Torino), designated by Böhme and Budak 1977.

bischoffi: Holotype: ZDEU 183/977, 05.1977. Coll.: A. Budak.

bolkardaghica: Holotype: ZDEU 144/2009.6, 19.07.2009. Coll.: Y. Kumlutas.

chechenica: Holotype: NMW 33504.1, 6.08.1965; ZISP 17882:1, male fide Böhme 2014: 150; Coll.: I.S. Darevsky; Paratypes: ZFMK, ZIL, NMW.

macromaculata: Holotype: ZISP 17940.6 (Figs. 8-9 in Doronin 2017), 24.06.1961. Coll.: I.S. Darevsky.

mirabilis: Holotype: ZDEU 145/2002.

obscura: Lectotype: ZISP 17171.1, designated by Doronin 2017 (Fig. 7 in Doronin 2017), 30.05.1914. Coll.: L.A. Lantz; paralectotypes: BMNH 1918.11.21.5–7.

svanetica: Holotype: ZISP 17875.1 (Fig. 10 in Doronin 2017), 13.08.1965. Coll.: I.S. Darevsky.

Terra Typica:

rudis: Type locality: Batumi (Republic of Georgia) and Trabzon (Turkey).

bischoffi: Type locality: Turkey, Artvin Province, 6 km to the southwest Arhavi, rocky exits along the automobile route, 41°19 ́15 ́ ́N 41°14 ́41 ́ ́E.

bolkardaghica: Type locality: Karagöl, Ulukışla, Niğde, Central Anatolia; “Turkey, Mersin Province, rocks vicinity of Karagöl Lake, 37°24 ́13 ́ ́N 34°33 ́27 ́ ́E” fide Doronin 2017.

chechenica: Type locality: Russia, Chechnya Shatoysky District, gorge of the Argun River 4 km higher (north) of the Sovetskoye (= Shatoy) village, 1500 m asl, 42°54 ́41 ́ ́N 45°42 ́56 ́ ́E; paratypes: NMW; paratype locality: Südabfall des zentralen Kaukasus, Pasanauri, Georgien.

macromaculata: Type locality: Georgia, Samtskhe-Javakheti Region, vicinity of Akhalkalaki, about 1800 m asl, 41°23 ́N 43°29 ́E.

mirabilis: Type locality: Ovit-pass, Trabzon, northeastern Anatolia, 40°37 ́158 ́ ́N 40°49 ́144 ́ ́E.

obscura: Lectotype locality: Georgien, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Borjomi, Straße nach Akhaltsikhe.

svanetica: Type locality: Georgia, Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti Region, vicinity of Mestia, 43°03 ́N, 42°45 ́E, 1700 m asl; Paratype locality: Pari in the Inguri Valley, Svaneti.

Taxonomic notes:

Ist mit D. valentini so nahe verwandt, dass manche Populationen und sogar Unterarten nicht sicher einer der Arten zugeordnet werden können. Dieses Problem wurde auch nicht durch die Revision türkischer Gebirgseidechsen durch ARRIBAS et al. gelöst, da in diesem Artikel zwar die beiden westlichsten Unterarten in eine eigene Art, D. bithynica, gestellt und 2 neue Unterarten beschrieben wurden, die im zentralen und östlichen Teil der Türkei vorkommenden und z.T. zu D. valentini gestellten Formen aber keine Beachtung erfuhren.

Relevant taxonomic literature:

• Bedriaga, J. von (1886) -  Description of Darevskia rudis rudis. -  In: “Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Lacertiden-Familie (Lacerta, Algiroides, Tropidosaura, Zerzumia, Bettaia)”. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 14: 17-444.   

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• Ryabinina, N.L. & Bannikova, A.A. & Kosushkin , S.A. & Ciobanu, D.G. & Milto, D.A. & Tuniyev, B.S. Orlova, V.F. & Grechko, V.V. & Darevsky, I.S. (2002) -  Estimation of the subspecies level of differentiation in Caucasian lizards of the genus Darevskia (syn. Lacerta saxicola complex, Lacertidae, Sauria) using genome DNA markers. -  Russian Journal of Herpetology, Moscow, 9 (3): 185–194.    

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  The taxonomic categories such as population and subspecies were studied on the example of three Caucasian lizard species of genus Darevskia - D. praticola, D. derjugini, and D. rudis by comparing the morphological data and results inferred from nuclear DNA markers. RAPD and new inter-MIR-PCR (IM-PCR) methods were used. The IM-PCR was used to characterize the lacertid DNA fragments located between dispersed SINE type repeats which occurred to be ortologous to mammalian repeats of the same type. It was shown that separation of the Northern population of D. derjugini (subspecies silvatica) is supported by the comparison with two Southern populations (derjugini and barani). The latter ones, in their turn, are very similar and hardly can be considered as good subspecies by the genetic distance. The subspecific division of D. praticola (praticola and pontica) also requires more specification. For example, several populations from North Caucasus (ssp. praticola) occurred to be heterogeneous. The level of differences between ssp. praticola and pontica is of the same order as in some of the praticola populations. Low level of molecular differences between two subspecies of D. rudis (obscura and bischoffi) does not confirm their validity as a full subspecies.

• Bischoff, W. (2003) -  Die Eidechsenfauna Georgiens. Teil II. Die Gattung Darevskia. -  Die Eidechse, Bonn, 14 (3): 65-93.    

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  In Georgia, 16 species of rock lizards of the Genus Darevskia are occuring (D. alpina, D. „armeniaca`, D. brauneri, D. caucasica, D. clarkorum, D. daghestanica, D. „dahli`, D. derjugini, D. mixta, D. nairensis, D. parvula, D. portschinskii, D. praticola, D. rudis, D. „unisexualis` and D. Valentini). Besides short presentations of the single species and hints on their distribution and habitats, also some systematic remarks are given.

• Ciobanu, D.G. & Grechko, V.V. & Darevsky, I.S. (2003) -  Molecular Evolution of Satellite DNA CLsat in Lizards from the Genus Darevskia (Sauria: Lacertidae): Correlation with Species Diversity. -  Russian Journal of Genetics, Moscow, 39 (11): 1292-1305.    

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  The structure and evolution of a satellite DNA family was examined in lizards from the genus Darevskia(family Lacertidae). Comparison of tandem units of repeated DNA (satDNA), CLsat, in all species from the genus Darevskiahas shown that their variability is largely explained by single-nucleotide substitutions, which form about 50 diagnostic positions underlying classification of the family into three subfamilies. Maximum differences between the subfamilies reached 25%. At this level of tandem unit divergence in the subfamilies, no cross-hybridization between them was observed (at 65°C). The individual variability within one subfamily within the species was on average 5% while the variability between species consensuses within a subfamily was 10%. The presence of highly conserved regions in all monomers and some features of their organization show that satellites of all Darevskia species belong to one satDNA family. The organization of unit sequences of satellites CLsat and Agi160 also detected by us in another lizard genus, Lacerta s. str. was compared. Similarity that was found between these satellites suggests their relatedness and common origin. A possible pathway of evolution of these two satDNA families is proposed. The distribution and content of CLsat repeat subfamilies in all species of the genus was examined by Southern hybridization. Seven species had mainly CLsatI (83 to 96%); three species, approximately equal amounts of CLsatI and CLsatIII (the admixture of CLsatII was 2–5%); and five species, a combination of all three subfamilies in highly varying proportions. Based on these results as well as on zoogeographic views on the taxonomy and phylogeny of the Darevskia species, hypotheses on the evolution of molecular-genetic relationships within this genus are advanced.

  Чобану Д.Г., Гречко В.В., Даревский И.С. (2003) -  Молекулярная эволюция сателлитной ДНК CLSAT ящериц рода Darevskia (Sauria: Laeertidae): корреляция с видовым разнообразием. -  Генетика, 39 (11): 1527-1541.  

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  Исследовали структуру и эволюцию семейства сателлитной ДНК ящериц рода Darevskia сем. Lac-ertidae. При сравнительном анализе последовательностей мономеров тандемных повторов ДНК (сатДНК) - CLsat - всех видов ящериц р. Darevskia показано, что вариабельность повторов обусловлена главным образом однонуклеотидными заменами, которые образуют около 50 диагностических позиций, на основании которых выделены три подсемейства повторов. Максимальные значения различий между подсемействами достигают 25%. При такой степени дивергенции мономеров трех подсемейств перекрестной гибридизации (при 65°С) между ними не наблюдается. Индивидуальная вариабельность мономеров одного подсемейства внутри вида в среднем составляет 5%, а вариабельность между видовыми консенсусами внутри подсемейства - 10%. Наличие высококонсервативных областей во всех мономерах и ряд особенностей их организации позволяют рассматривать сателлиты всех видов р. Darevskia как единое семейство сатДНК. Приведено сравнение организации последовательности мономеров сателлита CLsat и обнаруженного нами Agi160 из другого рода ящериц -Lacerta s. str. Выявлено сходство, свидетельствующее о родстве этих сателлитов и об их общем происхождении, предложен вероятный путь эволюции этих двух семейств сатДНК. Методом Саузерн-гибридизации изучено распространение и содержание подсемейств повторов CLsat во всех видах рода. Семь видов содержат в основном CLsatl (от 83 до 96%), три вида - примерно равные количества CLsatl и CLsatIII (примесь CLsatII составляет 2-5%), а пять видов - сумму всех трех подсемейств в сильно отличающихся соотношениях. На основе этих данных, в совокупности с зоогеографически-ми представлениями о родстве видов р. Darevskia, предложены гипотезы эволюции молекулярно-генетического родства видов этого рода.

• Arribas, O.J. & Ilgar, C. & Kumlutaş, Y. & Durmus, S.H. & Avci, A. & Üzüm, N. (2013) -  External morphology and osteology of Darevskia rudis (Bedriaga, 1886), with a taxonomic revision of the Pontic and Small-Caucasus populations (Squamata: Lacertidae).  -  Zootaxa, 3626 (54): 401-428.     

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  A broad sample of Darevskia rudis from the main part of its range was reviewed with regard to external morphology (dis-criminant, UPGMA, MST and ANOVA analyses) and osteology. Darevskia bithynica is raised to species rank, with two subspecies: D. b. bithynica and D. b. tristis. The other subspecies are fairly similar (D. r. rudis being the most different). Two singular populations are described as subspecies: D. r. mirabilis ssp. nov. from Kaçkar Mountains, geographically adjoins the otherwise different D. r. bischoffi and D. r. bolkardaghica ssp. nov., which is geographically isolated but that seems to be very closely related to D. r. obscura.