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The basic anatomy of the lacertid hemipenis (intromittent organ) and methods for its investigation are described. In many members of the Lacertidae, the hemipenis has a structure quite unlike that of other squamate reptiles: the distal lobes of the retracted organ are complexly folded and there is a well-defined supporting structure of dense connective tissue, the armature. This incorporates blood sinuses and has an intramuscular portion embedded in the m. retractor penis magnus and two club-shaped bodies, the clavulae, that support the lobes in the erect organ. Unarmatured hemipenes occur in some lacertids and, like those of other squamates, possess sac-like lobes in the retracted state, but they are singular in having the lobes invested by the m. retractor penis magnus. It is argued that many of these apparently primitive hemipenes are in fact secondary derivatives of the armatured type. There is considerable inter-specific variation in hemipenial structure which is described systematically. In some cases this involves differences in size, asymmetry and simplification, which may arise as physical isolating mechanisms and is useful in distinguishing otherwise very similar species, particularly in the genus Mesalina (p. 1253). Other shared derived hemipenial features provide useful information about relationships between species and higher taxa and a summary of the hypotheses that they support is given (p. 1254).

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The east Asian lacertid lizard genus,Takydromus, is well-defined but its relationships to other primitive Palaearctic lacertids are still uncertain and, although it has similarities to the lower Miocene Miolacerta, Takydromus does not appear to be identical with this. The 16 or 17 recognizable species are reviewed and a key provided for their identification; the remaining area of uncertainty about species boundaries is the Takydromus sexlineatus group in Assam. A phylogeny forTakydromusis estimated using a data set of 35 morphological characters drawn from external features, skeleton and soft-parts. There are two main constituent clades which may be informally recognized asTakydromus s.s.and Platyplacopus. Platyplacopusis subtropical and perhaps relict, whereasTakydromus ranges from temperate to tropical areas. The two clades have different ranges of eggs per clutch. In both of them, elongate forms that climb extensively in flimsy vegetation have evolved and have independently acquired similar features that confer performance advantages in this situation. Interestingly, the order of assembly of these features is markedly different.

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The east Asian lacertid lizard genus, Takydromus, is well-defined but its relationships to other primitive Palaearctic lacertids are still uncertain and, although it has similarities to the lower Miocene Miolacerta. Takydromus does not appear to be identical with this. The 16 or 17 recognizable species are reviewed and a key provided for their identification; the remaining area of uncertainty about species boundaries is the Takydromus sexlineatus group in Assam. A phylogeny for Takydromus is estimated using a data set of 35 morphological characters drawn from external features, skeleton and soft-parts. There are two main constituent clades which may be informally recognized as Takydromus s.s. and Platyplacopus. Platyplacopus is subtropical and perhaps relict, whereas Takydromus ranges from temperature to tropical areas. The two clades have different ranges of eggs per clutch. In both of them, elongate forms that climb-extensively in flimsy vegetation have evolved and have independently acquired similar features that confer performance advantages in this situation. Interestingly, the order of assembly of these features is markedly different.

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Differences in surface structure (ober- hautchen) of body scales of lacertid lizards involve cell size, shape and surface profile, presence or absence of fine pitting, form of cell margins, and the occurrence of longitudinal ridges and pustular projections. Phylogenetic information indicates that the primitive pattern involved narrow strap-shaped cells, with low posteriorly overlapping edges and relatively smooth surfaces. Deviations from this condition produce a more sculptured surface and have developed many times, although subsequent overt reversals are uncommon. Like variations in scale shape, different patterns of dorsal body microornamentation appear to confer different and conflicting performance advantages. The primitive pattern may reduce friction during locomotion and also enhances dirt shedding, especially in ground-dwelling forms from moist habitats. However, this smooth microornamentation generates shine that may compromise cryptic coloration, especially when scales are large. Many derived features show correlation with such large scales and appear to suppress shine. They occur most frequently in forms from dry habitats or forms that climb in vegetation away from the ground, situations where dirt adhesion is less of a problem. Microornamentation differences involving other parts of the body and other squamate groups tend to corroborate this functional interpretation. Microornamentation features can develop on lineages in different orders and appear to act additively in reducing shine. In some cases different combinations may be optimal solutions in particular environments, but lineage effects, such as limited reversibility and different developmental proclivities, may also be important in their genesis. The fine pits often found on cell surfaces are unconnected with shine reduction, as they are smaller than the wavelengths of most visible light.

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DNA sequence indicates the Lacertidae contain two subfamilies, Gallotiinae and Lacertinae, the latter comprising two monophyletic tribes, the Eremiadini of Africa and arid southwest and central Asia, and the Lacertini of Europe, northwest Africa and southwest and east Asia. Relationships within the 108 species of Lacertini are explored using mtDNA (291 bp cytochrome b; 329 bp 12S rRNA for 59 nominal species, and reanalysis of the data of Harris et al. 1998, and Fu 2000). The morphology of the tribe is reviewed and 64 of its characters (equivalent to 83 binary ones) also used to assess relationships. The Lacertini are assigned to 19 monophyletic units of 1 to 27 species, recognised here as the following genera (contents are indicated in brackets): Algyroides, Anatololacerta gen. nov. (L. danfordi group), Apathya (L. cappadocica group), Archaeolacerta (L. bedriagae), Dalmatolacerta gen. nov. (L. oxycephala), Darevskia (L. saxicola group), Dinarolacerta gen. nov. (L. mosorensis), Hellenolacerta gen. nov. (L. graeca), Iberolacerta (L. monticola group), Iranolacerta gen. nov. (L. brandtii and L. zagrosica), Lacerta s. str. (sand and green lizards, L. agilis group), Parvilacerta gen. nov. (L. parva and L. fraasii), Phoenicolacerta gen. nov. (L. laevis group), Podarcis (wall lizards), Scelarcis (L. perspicillata), Takydromus (Asian grass lizards), Teira (L. dugesii), Timon (ocellated lizards, L. lepida group) and Zootoca (L. vivipara). Both mtDNA and morphology indicate that Lacerta and Timon are sister taxa, and DNA suggests further possible relationships among genera (Fig. 1, p. 6). Neither DNA nor morphology indicates that the archaeolacertas (sometimes formalised as Archaeolacerta sens. lat.) form a clade. Instead, they are representatives of an ecomorph associated with living on rock exposures and using the narrow crevices that these contain. The Lacertidae probably arose in the European area, with the Gallotiinae later reaching Northwest Africa and the Canary Islands, and the ancestor of the Eremiadini invading Africa in the mid-Miocene. The Lacertini spread through much of their present European range and diversified, perhaps largely by repeated vicariance, around 12–16 My ago, producing the ancestors of the present mainly small-bodied genera, which then underwent often modest speciation. Three units spread more widely: the Lacerta-Timon clade of large-bodied lizards probably dispersed earliest, followed by Algyroides and then Podarcis. Overall, European Lacertidae show a pattern of repeated spread, often accompanied by restriction of previous groups. Expansion of Lacertini may have displaced earlier lacertid lineages from all or much of Europe; while spread of Podarcis may have restricted many other genera of Lacertini. The earlier expansion of the Lacerta-Timon clade probably did not have this effect, as difference in adult body size restricted competitive interaction with other forms. Several invasions of more distant areas also occurred: of East Asia by Takydromus over 10 My ago, and more recently of northwest Africa by Podarcis, Scelarcis and Timon, and Madeira by Teira. Relationships within the Eremiadini estimated from both mtDNA, and nDNA differ considerably from those based on morphology. They indicate relatively mesic forms may have diversified widely across Africa and given rise to at least three independent invasions of arid habitats. MtDNA also indicates that Lacerta andreanskyi belongs in the Eremiadini and may occupy a basal position there. It is assigned to a further new genus, Atlantolacerta gen. nov.

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During a trip to Taiwan in May 2018, an Austrian team of herpoetologists recorded three different species of lizards in various habitats. While the mountain dweller Takydromus hsuehshanensis was found in gravel slopes and dump sites above 1.800 m, T. kuehnei was recorded in small clearings and forest margins in the transition zone between planes and hills. Finally T. viridipunctatus was found in gardens and parks in the North of the country near the coast.

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A complete catalogue is provided for the type specimens of lacertid lizards in the herpetological collection of the Zoological Museum, Berlin, as of December, 1993. The collection contains a total of 514 type specimens, representing 63 taxa, of which 42 are currently regarded as valid at the specific or subspecific level. Types representing an additional four taxa appear to have been lost from the collection. The collections are especially rich in African lacertid types and in historically significant specimens collected early in the Nineteenth Century by Pallas, Eversmann, and Hemprich & Ehrenberg. Also present are the type series of many subspecies of Podarcis lilfordi and P. pityusensis described by Eisentraut.

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Cuc Phuong National Park is located about 100 km southwest of Hanoi within the tropical rain forest zone and occupies 22500 hectares. 24 species of lizards of 6 families known to occur in the Cuc Phuong are listed together with notes on their ecology. The presented material is based on our observations made in Cuc Phuong during some visits from 1988 to 1991. Two species in the list (Scincella reevesii and Tropidophorus hainanus) are recorded the first time in this site.

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Data on lizards of three families (Dibamidae, Lacertidae, and Anguidae) of the Vietnamese fauna, deposited in the herpetological collection of the Zoological Museum of Moscow University, are given. The following data are presented for every sample: accession number, the location of capture, habitat, and collector. The places of capture are shown on a map of the country.

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A new lacertid lizard, Takydromus madaensis sp. nov., from the Ma Da forest, the Dong Nai Province (Southern Vietnam) is described. This species has 4 pairs of chin shields; 3 loreals on each side; 3 pairs of supraoculars on each side; parietals separated by interparietal and occipital ones; an additional shield between the prefrontals; ventrals in six longitudinal rows; there are 17 lamellae beneath the fourth toe. A dichotomous key to four species of the genus Takydromus in Vietnam is provided.

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In the herpetological collection of ZFMK 528 scientific species group names are represented by type materi- al. Of these, 304 names are documented by primary type specimens (onomatophores) while for 224 further names sec- ondary type specimens (typoids) are available, ranging chronologically from 1801 to 2010. The list is a shortened pred- ecessor of a comprehensive type catalogue in progress. It lists name bearing types with their catalogue numbers includ- ing information on further type series members also in other institutions, while secondary types are listed only by pres- ence, both in ZFMK and other collections including holotype repositories. Geographic origin and currently valid names are also provided.

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From the perspectives of biodiversity conservation and management, there is an urgent need to have at hand current synopses of classification and distributions of species. In this paper, we review and summarize the classifications, Chinese and English names, type specimens, type localities and distributions of China’s lizard fauna to promote scientific exchange and species conservation among relevant people in China and internationally. As of December 31, 2020, a total of 230 species of lizard, belonging to 44 genera and 12 families, have been recorded from China, including 4 invasive species: 2 in the family Gekkonidae, 1 in Iguanidae and one in Dactyloidae. There are 115 endemic species, accounting for 50% of this group. The proportion of endemic species to China was the highest in the family Eublepharidae (84.62%), and the number of endemic species to China was the highest in the family Agamidae (42 species). The species distributions and classification in the “Fauna Sinica (Reptilia 2): Squamata (Lacertilia)” were updated. Among the provincial administrative units, there is a larger number of species in the southern provinces, such as Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Taiwan. Sichuan, Yunnan, and Taiwan harbour relatively more endemic species than others. A total of 154 species of lizards were first discovered in China, and the type localities of these species are concentrated in Yunnan, Taiwan, Tibet, Xinjiang, and Sichuan.

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Cytochrome b (cyt b) gene complete sequences (1143bp) of Takydromus sylvaticus were sequenced. In order to clarify the phylogenetic position of the Takydromus sylvaticus, we investigated the phylogeny of 15 Takydromus spp. distributed in East-Asia by Maximum Parsimony (MP), Bayesian Inference (BI), and Maximum Likelihood (ML) methods using DNA fragments of cyt b genes. The results supported that the Platyplacopus merged into Takydromus and negated the validity of Platyplacopus. Furthermore, the prediction of tertiary structures of cyt b exhibited the CD loop region contain two short helices forming a hairpin arrangement, namely cd1 and cd2. Thermostability analysis shows that the CD-loop region is unstable thermodynamically and may provide mobility to amino acids located at the heme, and might provide high flexibility to the top of ISP (iron–sulfur protein) and the cavity region of Qo binding site. It suggested that the two short helices of CD loop region of cyt b was a dominating portion for ISP binding site.

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Notes on the corrected indentification and redescription of a ground lizard, Platyplacopus kuehnei, with a revised key of the family Lacertidae from Taiwan. Bull. In st. Zool. Academia Sinica 19(2): 63-65. The measurements and description of a new specimen of the Formosan ground lizard, Platyplacopus kuehnei (Van Denburgh) collected from Taipei in 1977, were given. Platyplacopus kuehnei which has been mistakenly named Takydromus kuehnei since 1909 should be rectified. A revised key is given for the family Lacertidae in Taiwan.

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Takydromus Daudin is a group of Lacertidae lizards with slender bodies and long tails. Half of the Takydromus spp. are endemic to islands of eastern Asia aligned along the Pacific margin of the East Asian continent. This feature offers a good opportunity to study the effects of glaciations and land connections on the speciation of East Asian fauna. We reconstructed the molecular phylogeny of Takydromus species via the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. Phylogenetic analyses using maximum-parsimony, neighborjoining, and maximum-likelihood options do not support a two-subgenera scheme of Takydromus and Platyplacopus proposed earlier. In contrast, the phylogeny of Takydromus species on islands fits the sequential separation of island groups influenced by changes in sea level. The hypothesis in our prediction supports the process of vicariant speciation and multicolonization of grass lizards on eastern Asian islands. At least two obvious colonization events were followed by vicariance events. Because the molecular clock of the 12 rRNA gene was not rejected in our model test, it is possible to estimate times of speciation events. As the most isolated and basal species compared to other temperate and subtropical species of Takydromus, the separation period of T. smaragdinus in the central Ryukyus is the crucial point in estimating the evolutionary rate. Quaternary-origin or Tertiary-origin models are proposed and discussed

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Two new grass lizard species, previously confused with Takydromus formosanus, were identified in Taiwan using mitochondrial DNA sequences. In the present study, 40 morphological characters and their taxonomic significances were assessed using principal components analysis and discriminant analysis. The three species can be distinguished by morphology of body sizes, dorsal and caudal scales, and most importantly, by male coloration during the breeding seasons. The present study increases the total number of Takydromus to 19 species, of which 10 are insular endemics, with six only occurring in Taiwan.

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Aim Body size is instrumental in influencing animal physiology, morphology, ecology and evolution, as well as extinction risk. I examine several hypotheses regarding the influence of body size on lizard evolution and extinction risk, assessing whether body size influences, or is influenced by, species richness, herbivory, island dwelling and extinction risk. Location World-wide. Methods I used literature data and measurements of museum and live specimens to estimate lizard body size distributions. Results I obtained body size data for 99% of the world`s lizard species. The body size–frequency distribution is highly modal and right skewed and similar distributions characterize most lizard families and lizard assemblages across biogeographical realms. There is a strong negative correlation between mean body size within families and species richness. Herbivorous lizards are larger than omnivorous and carnivorous ones, and aquatic lizards are larger than non-aquatic species. Diurnal activity is associated with small body size. Insular lizards tend towards both extremes of the size spectrum. Extinction risk increases with body size of species for which risk has been assessed. Main conclusions Small size seems to promote fast diversification of disparate body plans. The absence of mammalian predators allows insular lizards to attain larger body sizes by means of release from predation and allows them to evolve into the top predator niche. Island living also promotes a high frequency of herbivory, which is also associated with large size. Aquatic and nocturnal lizards probably evolve large size because of thermal constraints. The association between large size and high extinction risk, however, probably reflects a bias in the species in which risk has been studied.

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Based on a new herpetological collection from Ha Giang Province, Vietnam we report seven new records of amphibians and reptiles, comprising two species of Rhacophoridae (Rhacophorus kio, R. rhodopus), one species of Agamidae (Pseudocalotes brevipes), one species of Lacertidae (Takydromus kuehnei), one species of Colubridae (Lycodon futsingensis) and two species of Viperidae (Deinagkistrodon acutus, Protobothrops maolanensis). Our findings bring the species number of amphibians and reptiles recoded from Ha Giang Province to 110.

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The Kühne’s Grass Lizard (Takydromus kuehnei) is a poorly studied indigenous species in Taiwan. In this report we incorporate additional information concerning reproduction with our previous observations to provide a more comprehensive description of reproduction in T. kuehnei from southwestern Taiwan. We collected 48 T. kuehnei (18 male, 19 female) from a secondary forest in Santzepu, Sheishan District, Chiayi County, as part of a herpetofauna survey in the area. We also obtained five clutches of eggs from these lizards. The smallest reproductively active female was 49 mm snout-vent length (SVL). Oviposition took place from April to July. Clutch sizes ranged from one to two eggs with an average of 1.8. A histological examination of five museum specimens confirmed that females may produce multiple clutches in the same year. We obtained 11 eggs that had an average length, width, and mass of 10.6 mm, 6.1 mm, and 1.8 g, respectively. The average relative clutch mass was 16.7%. Five eggs successfully hatched after an average incubation period of 32.6 days. The hatchlings had an average SVL of 23.8 mm, total length of 51.4 mm, and mass of 0.3 g.

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Historical relationships were inferred for the oriental lizards of the genus Takydromus Daudin 1802 (Lacertidae) on the basis of DNA sequences. Of the 17 species currently recognized for the genus, 13 species represented by 42 specimens from 29 localities were examined. Maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony analyses of data for 829 aligned sites from parts of the mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNA genes yielded relationships that, while showing no substantial discrepancy with each other, were strikingly different from a currently prevailing phylogenetic hypothesis from a parsimony analysis of morphological characters. Based on the results of these molecular analyses, supplemented by results of the morphological analysis that offered robust evidence for positions of two additional species (T. khasiensis and T. sylvaticus), the following interrelationships were hypothesized as the most preferred phylogeny: (kuehnei (sexlineatus khasiensis))(tachydromoides ((smaragdinus (sauteri (dorsalis sylvaticus))) (amurensis (((formosanus wolteri) hsuehshanensis)(toyamai (septentrionalis stejnegeri)))))). These interrelationships indicate: (1) invalidity of Platyplacopus Boulenger 1917, which was recently resurrected as a subgenus of Takydromus on the basis of the morphological analysis; (2) homoplasy in states of some morphological characters, such as green dorsal coloration, that were considered as synapomorphs of certain nodes in the morphological analysis; and (3) involvement of the genus in a series of vicariances in both the continental and insular parts of eastern Eurasia. Due to the paucity of available samples, phylogenetic status of T. intermedius and T. haughtonianus remain to be examined in future studies.

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Based on a new herpetological collection from Ha Giang Province, Vietnam we report seven new records of amphibians and reptiles, comprising two species of Rhacophoridae (Rhacophorus kio, R. rhodopus), one species of Agamidae (Pseudocalotes brevipes), one species of Lacertidae (Takydromus kuehnei), one species of Colubridae (Lycodon futsingensis) and two species of Viperidae (Deinagkistrodon acutus, Protobothrops maolanensis). Our findings bring the species number of amphibians and reptiles recoded from Ha Giang Province to 110.

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Climate change poses different threats to animals across latitudes. Tropical species have been proposed to be more vulnerable to climate change. However, the responses of animals from tropical mountains to thermal variation and climate change have been scarcely studied. Here, we investigated the thermal biology traits of a tropical lizard (Takydromus kuehnei) distributed at high elevations (>950 m) and evaluated the vulnerabilities of T. kuehnei by thermal biology traits, thermal safety margin, and thermoregulatory effectiveness. The average active body temperatures of T. kuehnei in the field were 26.28_C and 30.65_C in April and June, respectively. The selected body temperature was 33.23_C, and the optimal temperature for locomotion was 30.60_C. The critical thermal minimum and critical thermal maximum temperatures were 4.79_C and 43.37_C, respectively. Accordingly, the thermal safety margin (1.23_C) and thermoregulatory effectiveness (1.23_C) predicted that T. kuehnei distributed in tropical mountains were not significantly depressed by environmental temperatures. This study implies that high-elevation species in tropical regions may not be severely threatened by ongoing climate change and highlights the importance of thermal biology traits in evaluating the vulnerability of species to climate change.

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We sequenced and annotated the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Takydromus kuehnei Van Denburgh, 1909 (Squamata: Takydromus). This mitogenome was 17,224 bp long and encoded 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, one non-coding regions of an L-strand replication origin and a displacement loop region. The overall nucleotide composition was 32.8% of A, 13.8% of G, 24.8% of T, and 30.5% of C. Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood method validated the taxonomic status of T. kuehnei, exhibiting the close relationship with the species from the genus Takydromus.

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This report deals with diversity research within the Vietnam project of the Cologne Zoo on his way towards a centre for nature conservation. Since more than five years the Cologne Zoo engages in a German-Vietnamese cooperation project concerning biodiversity research and conservation in the Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park in central Vietnam. This karst forest area in the Quang Binh province, which meanwhile is declared by the UNESCO as world heritage site, comprises more than 85,000 ha and represents habitat and refuge of many threatened and in part still undiscovered species. My report comprises the current knowledge about the amphibians and reptiles of this area. The so-called herpetofauna appears, due to its limited tendency to spread, the relatively high habitat requirements, and the relatively simple recording (without using traps), as suitable bioindicator. In addition, herpetodiversity research is not only required in Vietnam because being a hot spot (i. e., endemism centre) of biodiversity, but also due to the fact, that we are only able to protect those species which are known so far. In this context, the special significance of newly discovered species as role models for a nature reserve (i. e., so-called flagship species) is stressed: As ambassadors of their relatives they do not only plead for the conservation status of an area, but also motivate the local people to engage in the conservation of their unique home; finally, newly discovered species help to be effective as publicity and to attract support by sponsors, too. Beside newly discovered mammal species some recent reptile discoveries from the National Park’s karst forest are highlighted: Among them is the Phong Nha-Ke Bang Bent-toed Gecko (Cyrtodactylus phongnhakebangensis) that was named after its type locality, as well as another, greyish gecko species (Gekko sp. n.), that will be described as new species soon. However, the area’s most spectacular herpetological discoveries were two horned pitvipers: One of them (Triceratolepidophis sieversorum) was originally discovered as preserved specimen in the rice wine collection of a local healer and revealed not only to be a new species but also to represent a new snake genus; the other horned pitviper (Protobothrops cornutus) has already been regarded by some scientists as being extinct and therefore could be rediscovered in Vietnam after more than half a century (which was at the same time the first record for the National Park’s herpetofauna). Thus, both geckonid as well as both horned pitviper discoveries represent prominent advocates of the habitat karst forest in the Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, with whom their existence is closely connected. After these examples, the remaining members of the herpetofauna are briefly introduced in words and pictures: Currently seven families of frogs (represented by almost 40 species), four families of turtles (more than ten species), five lizard families (more than 30 species) and six families of snakes (almost 50 species) are known. Because several problems concerning determination and taxonomy remain still unsolved and because new species are constantly discovered and described, it is difficult to name concrete species numbers. However, with respect to its herpetodiversity, the Phong Nha- Ke Bang National Park meanwhile surely belongs to Vietnam’s best researched nature reserves. Almost 20% of its amphibian and reptile species are listed in the Red Data List of Vietnam. In future, we will engage in proceeding our diversity studies in close cooperation with our Vietnamese partners to provide the National Park as well as the local authorities the knowledge and the required tools for a long-term conservation of the region’s unique biodiversity.

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Takydromus (Platyplacopus) kuehnei vietnamensis ssp. n., a new subspecies of grass lizard from Vietnam (Reptilia: Squamata: Lacertidae). Vietnamese Takydromus (Platyplacopus) kuehnei, recently recorded for the first time from this country, are described as a new subspecies. So far, the species was known only from China. The description is based on differences in colour pattern and scalation. In pholidosis T. (P.) kuehnei vietnamensis ssp. n. differs·from the Chinese nominal form mainly by usually having occipital and interparietal not in contact, the gulars reaching only the third pair of chinshields, the dorsal head shields stronger keeled, and, especially in females, distinctly enlarged scales on the lower flanks, as weil as higher numbers of supratemporals, supraciliary granules, and scales between tympanicum and supratemporals. Concerning colour pattern the males of the new subspecies are characterized by having only feebly marked, shorter, and more slender light lateral dorsal stripes, which are not distinctly framed medially by dark pattern; in the females the darker upper flanks are more distinctly set off against the lighter lower flanks. More material has to show whether the holotype of Platyplacopus kuehnei carinatus GRESS1TT, 1938 from Hainan, which shows an unusual pholidosis, is in fact synonymous with the nominal form. We demonstrate that some of the Vietnamese records of T. wolteri are based on misidentified T. kuehnei and also on T. sexlineatus, so that the occurrence of the otherwise strictly Palearctic T. wolteri in northern Vietnam must be seriously doubted. To prevent further confusion in view of some unclear identification keys available for Vietnam`s lizards. we proYide a short diagnosis of T. kuehnei and T. wolteri. Finally, the distributional and ecological data currently available for T. kuehnei are summa- rized.