| Lacerta oxycephala var. hispanica STEINDACHNER, 1870 Podarcis hispanica ENGELMANN et al, 1993 Podarcis hispanica virescens GENIEZ, 2001 Podarcis hispanica type 2 MONTORI et al, 2005 Podarcis hispanicus BÖHME & KÖHLER, 2005 |
| Holotype: MNHN-RA 2012.0264, formerly BEV.1898, holotype by present designation; an adult male caught by P. Geniez, P.-A. Crochet and O. Chaline on 23rd June 2001, (location in Fig. 12). Paratypes: BEV.1899, 1901, males, BEV.1900, female from Villanueva de los Escuderos, in the village (Spain, province of Cuenca) (40.0417°N / 2.3025°W) (see Fig. 14 for BEV.1900); BEV.1909, 1911-1912, males, BEV.1910, female, from Albalate de Zorita, in the village (NNE. Tarancón, Spain, province of Guadalajara) (40.308°N / 2.845°W) (see Fig. 13 for BEV.1911); BEV.7525, male from the motorway service area 4 km SW. of Ciempozuelos (between Aranjuez and Valdemoro, Spain, province of Madrid) (40.1341°N / 3.6563°W)(see Fig. 15); BEV.10940-941, males from 2.4 km NW. of Torrelaguna (province of Madrid) (40.8404°N / 3.5634°W); BEV.10979, male from San Andres del Congosto, cultivated plaine 500 m east of the village (province of Guadalajara) (40.9994°N / 3.0213°W), 840 m elevation. |
Geniez, P. & Sá-Sousa, P. & Guillaume, C.P. & Cluchier, A. & Crochet, P.-A. (2014) - Systematics of the Podarcis hispanicus complex (Sauria, Lacertidae) III: valid nomina of the western and central Iberian forms. - Zootaxa, 3794 (1): 1–51.   × Recent genetic works have suggested that the Iberian wall lizard Podarcis hispanicus (STEINDACHNER, 1870) sensu lato is a species complex. Several forms have already been elevated to species rank and linked to available nomina, but at least three still have to be formally named, including the western Iberian forms currently designated as Podarcis hispanicus“type 1A”, “type 1B” and “type 2”. The aim of the present work is to assign a valid nomen to these taxa. Using multivariate analyses, we first checked that the morphological differences reported in Portugal between type 1 and type 2 are main-tained over their distribution range. We then investigated phenotypic differentiation between type 1A and type 1B, which were found to be so similar that identification based on phenotype is currently not advisable. We propose to treat type 1 and type 2 as distinct species because of their level of genetic and phenotypic divergence, large area of distribution and ample evidence for reduced or absent introgression in contact zones. We maintain type 1A and 1B as subspecies for the time being, pending further analyses of their contact zone. The valid nomen for “Podarcis hispanica type 1 (sensu lato)” is Lacerta muralis guadarramae BOSCÁ, 1916 which becomes Podarcis guadarramae (BOSCÁ, 1916). Lineage type 1A is here described as a new taxon: P. guadarramae lusitanicus ssp. nov., inhabiting northern Portugal and northwestern Spain. The type 1B lineage corresponds to the nominotypical subspecies that inhabits Spain, mostly the Central Iberian Mountains. We were unable to locate an available nomen for “Podarcis hispanica type 2”, which is here described as Podarcis virescens sp. nov. This species is widely distributed in the plains and plateaus of central and parts of south-western Spain as well as central and southern Portugal. Caeiro-Dias, G. & Brelsford, A. & Kaliontzopoulou, A. & Carretero, M.A. & Crochet, A. & Pinho, C. (2018) - Drivers of reproductive isolation in Wall Lizards inferred from comparative analysis of contact zones. - II Joint Congress on Evolutionary Biology.Poster. × The process of speciation is often equated to the acquisition of reproductive isolation. This is a process typically envisioned as being correlated to divergence time: as time progresses the more likely it will be for diverging taxa to experience restrictions to gene exchange. This correlation has been tested and verified in a wide range of taxa; however, other aspects of differentiation, such as ecological divergence, have also been shown to correlate with reproductive isolation independently of divergence time or genomic differentiation. Characterizing reproductive isolation in multiple pairs of closely related taxa that are in different stages of the divergence process is a way of addressing these questions and disentangling the factors are more importante as engines of reproductive isolation. Wall lizards of genus Podarcis, particularly those belonging to the Iberian and North African group, are an appropriate model for this type of evaluations since they comprise various differentiated species with that establish a variety of natural contact zones. In this study we sampled and characterized patterns of hybridization in 9 contact zones between different species pairs using RADseq data. We found a generally low proportion of hybrids and contact zones were strongly bimodal in all cases, but with measurable differences in levels of gene flow among contact zones. Using data available from previous studies on this complex and in a multivariate statistical framework, we compared the level of hybridisation in each contact zone with several predictor variables: nuclear and mitochondrial genetic divergence, distribution overlap, and morphological, ecological and physiological distances between species. Our results show that, despite the general trend in other taxa, the level of hybridization in Podarcis contact zones does not seem to be correlated to divergence time. We discuss how other mechanisms may have influenced this pattern. Caeiro-Dias, G. & Luis, C. & Pinho, C. & Crochet, P.-A. & Sillero, N. & Kaliontzopoulou, A. (2018) - Lack of congruence of genetic and niche divergence in Podarcis hispanicus complex. - J Zool Syst Evol Res. 2018; 1–14. (early view) × Niche divergence among closely related lineages can be informative on the ecological and evolutionary processes involved in differentiation, particularly in the case of cryptic species complexes. Here we compared phylogenetic relationships and niche similarity between pairs of lineages included in the Podarcis hispanicus complex to examine patterns of niche divergence and its role in the organization of current diversity patterns, as allopatric, parapatric, and sympatric lineages occur in the Western Mediterranean Basin. First, we used ecological niche models to characterize the realized climatic niche of each Podarcis hispanicus complex lineage based on topographic and climatic variables, to identify important variables, and to test for niche conservatism or divergence between pairs of lineages. Variables related to precipitation generally exhibited the highest contribution to niche models, highlighting the importance of rainfall levels in shaping distributions of Podarcis wall lizards. We found that most forms have significant differences in realized climatic niches that do not follow the pattern of mitochondrial divergence. These results lend support to the hypothesis that genetic divergence across Podarcis hispanicus complex most likely occurred in allopatric conditions, mostly with significant niche divergence. Competition after secondary contact is also suggested by the common occurrence of niche overlap between lineages that exhibit strictly parapatric distribution. The almost continuous distribution of Podarcis lizards in the study area appears to be a result of a combination of complementary suitable niches and competition, which seem two important mechanisms limiting geographic distributions and restricting the existence of extensive contact zones.
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