| Lacerta jayakari BOULENGER, 1887 Omanosaura jayakari LUTZ, BISCHOFF & MAYER, 1986 Australolacerta jayakari ARNOLD, 1989 |
Boulenger, G.A. (1887) - Description of Omanosaura jayakari. - In: Boulenger, G.A. (ed.): Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum. Volume III. Lacertidae, Gerrhosauridae, Scincidae, Anelytropidae, Dibamidae, Chamaeleontidae. London. pp. 41-42, Taf. II.  Lutz, D. & Bischoff, W. & Mayer, W. (1986) - Chemosystematische Untersuchungen zur Stellung von Lacerta jayakari Boulenger, 1887 sowie der Gattungen Gallotia Boulenger und Psammodromus Fitzinger (Sauria; Lacertidae). - Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, Berlin, 24 (2): 144-157.  × Chemosystematic investigations on the position of Lacerta jayakari and the genera Gallotia and Psammodromus (Sauria; Lacertidae)
13 species of the genera Lacerta, Psammodromus and Gallotia (L. erhardii, L. filfolensis, L. bedriagae, L. cappadocica, L. jayakari, L. vivipara, L. trilineata, L. agilis, P. hispanicus, P. algirus, G. atlantica, G. galloti, G. stehlin:) have been examined by means of micro complement fixation tests (albumin) as well as by proteinelectrophoresis concerning 14 genetic loci. The results and their con-sequences are the follows:
1. L. cappadocica, L. bedriagae, and L. erhardii/L. filfolensis are representatives of phylogeneticly equivalent groups (subgenera). Their isolation in the Middle Miocene corresponds with the first contacts of the landmasses of Eurasia and Africa.
2. Lacerta jayakari may be considered as a representative of a further group equivalent in this aspect; though the immunological results would not exclude a position near the green lizards (subgenus Lacerta s. str.).
3. Because of this isolated position of L. jayakari for this species (and Lacerta cyanura) the subgenus Omanosaura subgen. nov. has been established.
4. Psammodromus hispanicus and P. algirus have probably been isolated of each other since the Middle Miocene, too.
5. The radiation of the genus Gallotia corresponds closely with genesis of the Canary Isles. Bischoff, W. (1987) - Lacerta (Omanosaura) jayakari BOULENGER. - Amph.-/Rept.-Kartei: 65-70. Beilage in Sauria, Berlin, 9 (1).  Mendes, J. & Salvi, D. & Harris, D.J. & Els, J. & Carranza, S. (2018) - Hidden in the Arabian Mountains: Multilocus phylogeny reveals cryptic diversity in the endemic Omanosaura lizards. - Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, Berlin, 56 (3): 395-407. × An increase in studies in the Hajar Mountains from the southeastern Arabian Peninsula has revealed a high richness of endemic evolutionary lineages with many cryptic taxa. Omanosaura is the only lacertid lizard genus endemic to the Hajar Mountains, with two species O. cyanura and O. jayakari distributed throughout this mountain range. The phylogenetic relationships and genetic diversity between and within these species have been poorly studied. In this study, we collected mitochondrial (12S, cytb, and nd4) and nuclear (cmos and mc1r) sequences for 25 specimens of Omanosaura, including 15 individuals of O. jayakari and 10 of O. cyanura. We performed phylogenetic analyses based on network reconstruction, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference to estimate the relationships and intraspecific genetic diversity of these species. We estimated the time of divergence between the two species in the Miocene, around 8.5 million years ago. Omanosaura jayakari shows little genetic diversity, while O. cyanura presents two differentiated lineages. These are reciprocally monophyletic at mitochondrial and nuclear genes and present a high genetic distance between them. These two lineages are associated with the geographic features of the Hajar Mountains, with one lineage distributed in the northernmost part of the Hajar Mountains and the other in the rest of the western Hajars, the Jebel Akhdar, and the eastern Hajars. This geographic relationship has been recovered previously in other reptile taxa and is generally associated with high levels of local genetic diversity. Our results suggest the existence of cryptic diversity within O. cyanura and support a general biogeographic pattern of high diversity and endemism in the northern Hajar Mountains that certainly deserves additional research in the future.
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